These are short-answer essay-style
questions each worth 25 points. To make the g

These are short-answer essay-style
questions each worth 25 points. To make the grading criteria clear, I have
included the point distribution for each short answer question. Make sure
to answer the questions entirely and follow the instructions for full credit. 
You should ONLY use the readings materials from the syllabus to
answer the following questions (NO OUTSIDE SOURCES). When answering each question, use the readings
and provide direct examples to support your claims. Make sure to properly cite the
readings in your answers using in-text citations (Last name, pg #). Even if you
paraphrase, cite the source. Please stay away from lengthy quotes. Your grade
will suffer if you just simply answer the question by restating it or just use
quotes without making any connections.
Please answer the four following questions (each answer
should be around 500 words). Remember to answer concisely and give concrete
examples from the readings.
1.  Using the readings, please
discuss how the system of mass incarceration affects Black women. According to Beth
Ritchie, what contributes to the rise of the prison nation (5%)? How does
prison nation reinforce violence against Black women? (10%) What contributions
does Beth Ritchie make to our understanding of how the criminal justice system
addresses victimization of Black women (10%)?
2. Please define the criminalization
of poverty.
What is one example of the criminalization of poverty (5%). What is
one key institutional actor and practice that exacerbates this example of
the criminalization of poverty (10%) and how does it directly affect
defendants, their families, and communities (10%)? Please give
concrete examples.
3. Increasingly in the United
States, immigration is seen as a law-and-order issue. According to Kilgore,
what are some specific policies that have contributed to the criminalization of
certain immigrants/ immigrant communities? (10%)? What frameworks and
ideologies that justify the criminalization of immigration? (5%) What are the
effects of these policies on immigrants and American society (10 %)?   
4. Please explore the growth
of surveillance in the United States. What has been the state justification for the expansion of
surveillance in the United States (5%) and what are some different forms this
has taken? (10%) What is one way that surveillance is linked to the criminal
justice system? (5%) What is one main issue that emerges from the expansion of
mass surveillance and how can communities fight back (5%)? 
Additional Reading Links:
Questiion 2: 
https://theappeal.org/the-lab/explainers/how-fines-and-fees-criminalize-poverty-explained/
Question 4:
https://www.npr.org/2021/09/10/1036039849/how-surveillance-programs-developed-after-9-11-and-how-those-targeted-pushed-bac
https://thisishell.com/interviews/1107-brendan-mcquade
https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/03/03/1046676/police-surveillance-minnesota-george-floyd/#:~:text=We%20found%20evidence%20of%20a,were%20suspected%20of%20any%20wrongdoing