Introduction
In this assignment, we will explore the fundamental concepts
of t t

Introduction
In this assignment, we will explore the fundamental concepts
of t tests for independent samples, while also reviewing key
aspects of correlational analyses. As you work through the assignment, you will
have the opportunity to compute and evaluate independent samples t tests
and examine important elements of correlational analyses.
Directions
Please answer each of the following questions. Your answers
may be brief or longer, so long as they are creative and thoughtful. When
applicable, present your own ideas and ones that are different from what is
presented in our textbook. Show all work.
Directions
Questions 1 – 2:
Read this splashy headline article from CNN: Sleep this way to add almost 5 years to your life.Links to an
external site.
What
are the two variables in the headline? (2 pts)
Why
might you suspect this headline is based on a correlational study (rather
than an experiment)? Explain. (2 pts)
Part II: Correlations
Directions
Questions 3 – 4: Use the data in Chapter 16 Data Set 1  Download
Chapter 16 Data Set 1to answer the questions below. Complete the analysis
using Excel or JASP (your choice).
3. Compute the correlation between motivation and GPA and
examine the significance at the .05 level (e.g., two-tailed test). (2 pts)
4. The more you are motivated, the more you will study—is
this true or false? Explain. Do we need to be cautious of anything when
interpreting these findings? (3 pts)
Part III: Independent Sample t Test
Directions
5. Dr. Quack would like to find out if participants who love
cats receive more speeding tickets than participants who love dogs. Identify
the type of test she would need to use to determine this, and explain your
answer. (3 pts)
Questions 6 – 12:
You’re interested in differences in a Sales Performance
Survey due to Training Status. Specifically, you want to know if employees that
have been trained have a higher mean Sales Performance Survey than employees
that have not been trained. Complete the full hypothesis testing process as
described in Chapter 12 to examine this question and draw all appropriate
conclusions. Using either JASP or Excel (your choice) to compute the
statistical analysis using this data set: Homework 6 Data – Independent t Test.  Download
Homework 6 Data – Independent t Test.Refer to the independent t tests in
JASP document for help. When applicable, provide a screenshot and/or copy and
paste your findings into your assignment document (be sure I can see the
numbers and labels clearly).
Here are the steps you need to complete –  
6. Right now, you have no idea what the numbers in the group
column mean, it only says 1 and 2. Before you get started, fix the group
column. You could go into Excel and rename all of those to Untrained and
Trained or use the JASP option to change the labels. Change group 1 to be
Untrained and change group 2 to Trained. (2 pts)
7. State the null and alternative/research hypotheses. (2
pts)
8. Set the level of risk (or the level of significance or
chance of Type I error) associated with the null hypothesis (use .05). 
Select the appropriate test statistic. Perform an Assumption
check (1 pt).
9. Compute the test statistic value (called
the obtained value). (2 pts)
10. Might also be helpful to compute descriptive
statistics. (1 pt)
11. Decision time. (3 pts)
12. Interpret and report the findings. (5 pts)
You’ll notice these steps are slightly different than the
famous eight steps from your textbook. This is because you are not computing
the findings by hand.